The Death Of A Salesman Essay Willy Gets Fired Example For Students

The Death Of A Salesman Essay Willy Gets Fired Shakiness Lead Life to Its EndThe character Willy Loman from the play Death of a Salesman has been perused during the time with particular understandings. Numerous individuals have given various motivations whatever prompted Willys appalling destiny. One understanding I took was that Willys unsteadiness in his life prompted his passing. Some point that drove in to my translation were his initial family life, his relationship with Biff, and his activity. Willys early family life was a troublesome one with its numerous irregularities. In Willys youth his dad left; this left him with numerous inquiries concerning his dad and how to be a dad. In one scene we see Willy conversing with Ben and Willy voices questions and remarks about when their dad left. Willy asks Where is Dad? what's more, says Dad left when I was such an infant and I never got an opportunity to converse with him. Willy additionally voices his interests about being a dad. He says some of the time Im apprehensive that Im not showing them the correct kind ofBen, in what manner would it be advisable for me to instruct them? In this early life Willy and his family move around a great deal. Individuals and spots changed around them decently quickly. Another irregularity in his initial family life was his relationship with his sibling, Ben. Ben left Willy without thinking back. Ben comes all through Willys life. We will compose a custom exposition on The Death Of A Salesman Willy Gets Fired explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Willys relationship with Biff has its highs and lows all through the play causing it hard to build up a to feel for their inclination towards one another. According to an early Biff there is only love and commitment towards his dad. Indeed, even Willy says Biff would go into the jaws of damnation for me. This kind of expressions of love changes after Biff gets some answers concerning his dads betrayal. Biff loses complete regard for his dad and calls Willy a liar and a phony. Willy considered right on time To be similar to a child he could be pleased with all Biffs football triumphs and victories with young ladies. Over the long haul and Biff returns home from the west it is obvious that Willy no longer feels pride towards Biff. Biff has no activity and wasnt getting a lot of cash at his last occupation in this manner Willy feels no pride towards Biff. Close to the furthest limit of the play Willys emotions towards Biff change indeed. Willy comes to accept that Biff adores him. Willy starts to makes statements like that kid will be wonderful. Willy was by and by feeling love towards Biff. Willys work causes him additional burdens including dejection and cash. Willy consistently was out and about making him have an absence of steady encompassing. We see this with all the individuals that come all through his life and his head. We likewise observe an outcome of this with Willys dejection. Willy gives the explanation behind his betrayal similar to that he was forlorn, horrendously desolate. Another repercussion of Willys work was his cash issues. On occasion Willy dealt with commission causing additional weight on selling his item. Towards the finish of the Broadway creation, we saw a scene where individuals were turning around Willy while Willy was likewise pivoting. This scene shows pleasantly the insecurity that Willy was experiencing. Willy Lomans grievous demise was in direct result to his dangers. Words/Pages : 582/24

How to Find the Symbol of an Ion

Step by step instructions to Find the Symbol of an Ion This worked science issue exhibits how to decide the image for the particle when given the quantity of protons and electrons. Issue: Give the image of a particle that has 10 e-and 7 p. Arrangement: The documentation e-alludes to electrons and p alludes to protons. The quantity of protons is a components nuclear number. Utilize the intermittent table to discover the component with a nuclear number of 7. This component is nitrogen, which has the image N. The issue expresses that there are a bigger number of electrons than protons, so we realize the particle has a negative net charge. Decide the net charge by taking a gander at the distinction in the quantity of protons and electrons: 10 - 7 3 a greater number of electrons than protons, or a 3-charge. Answer: N3- Shows for Writing Ions When composing the image for a particle, the a couple of letter component image is composed first, trailed by a superscript. The superscript has the quantity of charges on the particle followed by a (for positive particles or cations) or - (for negative particles or anions). Impartial particles have a charge of zero, so no superscript is given. In the event that the charge is/ - one, the 1 is overlooked. In this way, for instance, the charge on a chlorine particle would be composed as Cl-, not Cl1-. General Guidelines for Finding Ions At the point when the quantities of protons and electrons are given, its simple to make sense of the ionic charge. All the more frequently, you wont be given this data. You can utilize the occasional table to anticipate numerous particles. The primary gathering (soluble base metals) generally have a 1 charge; the subsequent gathering (antacid earths) normally have a 2 charge; incandescent light for the most part have a - 1 charge; and honorable gases ordinarily dont structure particles. The metals structure a wide assortment of particles, for the most part with a positive charge.

How SSRIs Are Used in the Treatment of Panic Disorder

How SSRIs Are Used in the Treatment of Panic Disorder Panic Disorder Treatment Print How SSRIs Are Used in the Treatment of Panic Disorder By Katharina Star, PhD facebook linkedin Katharina Star, PhD, is an expert on anxiety and panic disorder. Dr. Star is a professional counselor, and she is trained in creative art therapies and mindfulness. Learn about our editorial policy Katharina Star, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on January 18, 2020 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 20, 2020 Richard Newstead / Getty Images More in Panic Disorder Treatment Symptoms Diagnosis Coping Related Conditions You may have heard that antidepressants can help treat panic disorder. One class of antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), are often prescribed to treat panic disorder, anxiety, and panic attacks. Learn how SSRIs are used for the treatment of panic disorder. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or simply SSRIs, refer to a specific class of antidepressant medications. When first introduced in the 1980s, SSRIs were used to treat depression. Now established to be effective in treating panic disorder, SSRIs include medications such as Prozac (Fluoxetine), Paxil (Paroxetine), Celexa (Citalopram), Lexapro (Escitalopram), Luvox (Fluvoxamine), and Zoloft (Sertraline). As the name implies, SSRIs affect serotonin, which is a naturally occurring chemical or neurotransmitter in the brain. Serotonin is associated with the regulation of a variety of functions including mood and is considered to be imbalanced in those with anxiety issues. SSRIs focus solely on the levels of serotonin (selective) by preventing its absorption (reuptake) by nerve cells in the brain. By stabilizing levels of serotonin, these medications decrease feelings of anxiety and regulate mood, making them effective in managing depression and anxiety.?? Due to long-term effectiveness, limited side-effects, and validated research outcomes, SSRIs are the most commonly prescribed drug for panic disorder. If you are considering medication or are currently prescribed SSRIs, you may be wondering how this medication can help. Listed below are common ways in which SSRIs are used in the treatment of panic disorder. Symptom Reduction By and large, a person with panic disorder is prescribed SSRIs to assist in decreasing troublesome symptoms. SSRIs have been found to decrease the frequency and intensity of panic attacks.?? Reducing the severity of attacks helps relieve the fear associated with future attacks, which is one of the most debilitating symptoms of panic disorder. SSRIs can make a huge difference for a person who has become afraid of leaving the home or is having difficulties engaging in other necessary activities. Skill-Building Participating in therapy and self-help activities is an important part of the recovery process. Self-help strategies include breathing exercises and relaxation skills. A qualified therapist can provide cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), which involves developing new ways of thinking and behaving in order to cope with panic disorder. Studies indicate that CBT alone is not as beneficial without SSRIs.?? CBT is a long-lasting aid in managing symptoms, but medication can assist in rapidly reducing symptoms, allowing for a greater ability to participate and benefit from psychotherapy techniques. When symptoms are under control, one may feel ready to practice exposure therapy, the gradual introduction of phobic situations to slowly build up a sense of confidence when faced with fear. For many people with panic disorder, exposure therapy is only possible with the support that SSRIs provide. Treating Co-Occurring Issues SSRIs can not only serve to combat the symptoms of panic disorder  but can also alleviate coexisting issues. Other mental health issues, such as depression or different forms of anxiety, are often associated with panic disorder. Indicators of a mood disorder include such symptoms as fatigue, sadness, and diminished interest in previously pleasurable activities. Substance abuse issues are also related to panic disorder. SSRIs can be safely prescribed in such instances.?? Unlike sedatives, such as Xanax, Ativan, or Valium, SSRIs are non-addictive. Since dependence is not an issue, SSRIs are prescribed for longer durations of time, increasing the chances of improvement. As with any medication, there are some risks and side-effects associated with SSRIs. Some more serious side effects potentially include an increased chance of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in some younger individuals, allergic reactions, and complications during pregnancy. These potential dangers are rare and should be explored with your doctor. Some of the more common side effects include nausea, headaches, weight changes, and sexual dysfunction.?? Due to the potential of experiencing drowsiness and dizziness typical of SSRIs, caution should be taken when driving or participating in other activities that require alertness. Some of the commonly occurring side effects often fade over time. It can be helpful to track any side effects and progress you have experienced while taking an SSRI. Such information can assist your doctor in determining if the dosage should be adjusted or medication changed. Typically, your doctor will start you out on a low dosage and increase the  amount as needed. Determining what dosage is right for you will require some patience. SSRIs can take some time to be effective, sometimes need several weeks to begin to see improvements and up to several months to reach their maximum effect. Even if you believe the medication isn’t working, don’t ever abruptly stop taking SSRIs. To avoid potential complications, discontinue use only under the guidance of your doctor. Generally, most people with panic disorder will react positively to SSRIs. If you decide to try them as a part of your ?treatment plan, remember to remain patient, be prepared to discuss progress at each doctor visit, and expect to begin to feel relief from the symptoms of panic disorder.

In Early Childhood, Play Diverges, Contingent On An Immense

In early childhood, play diverges, contingent on an immense amount of intricacies and has been predisposed through the years by numerous theories in early childhood development. Consideration needs to be taken as to if play is free and simple or not. Over the years there has been a multitude of different theories about the purpose of a child’s play. The first theories of play were developed in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries with four main theories that involved the perception of how and why children work. These theories were the surplus energy theory, the recreation theory, the instinct theory and the recapitulation theory. Classical theorists, as well as contemporary theorists, have been captivated by the way children play, with†¦show more content†¦Modern theories of play are developed by justifying theoretical concepts with supporting empirical research. These theories consist of psychoanalytic, arousal modulation, metacommunicative, and cognitive theories (Saracho, 2013). Jean Piaget (1951), was a French psychologist distinguished by his research and findings of cognitive development in children. He theorised that children do not acquire additional cognitive configurations in play, but simply endeavo ur to add new understandings into what they currently know. During the stages of play development, teachers and parents have numerous occasions to witness children as they develop physically, emotionally, socially, and intellectually (Tomlin, 2007). He described play as a child’s enterprise to take in environmental stimuli correspond to their own perceptual experiences. Piaget states play is just for recreation and although it allowed a child to practice things they had already learned it did not necessarily result in the learning of new things. Lev Vygotsky (1934) however, had a different view on the cognitive theory in play. He believed there is a fundamental role of social interaction needed in the development of cognition and that plays a vital role in the process of â€Å"making meaning† (McLeod, 2014). Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory has a substantial partShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pageseven peaceful protest, opened the way for brutally repressive regimes that actively promoted or systematically engineered the massive episodes of rape, oppression, and genocidal killing that were major offshoots of a second global conflict in the early 1940s. The barbarous treatment meted out to tens of millions of men, women, and children in a decade that marked the nadir of recorded human history provided much of the impetus for a worldwide resurgence of human rights activism, agitation, and

My Career Goals Becoming A Great Pastry Chef - 1090 Words

My career goals are to become a great pastry chef to be able to learn many skills and many recipes to improve my cooking skills. I wouldn’t be here if it wasn’t for my mother pushing me forward. I believe that The Art Institute of Philadelphia would help me accomplish many of my goals and push me to over achieve my goal as well. I would push myself pass the limit to be the best I can in this career choice. I would be the first one there and the last one to leave. No matter how long it takes I would achieve any task my professor assigns me to do. I am not a quitter and I will not give up, this is my dream and I would achieve it until the end with a big smile in my face. I chose this career path because I have a passion for cooking, for as long as I can remember. My grandmother, my mother and I use to be in the kitchen all the time cooking something up. My mother taught me how to cook rice, beans, anything involving pasta and meat. My grandmother always taught me how t o put my own twist into it and showed me some of her secret recipes to pass on from generation to generation. I always loved the idea of creating something beautiful with my two hands and people reacting well to it. The best part of it all, enjoying that time with my mother and grandmother in the kitchen like a family. This is the reason why I like this career path. The research I did for this career was looking online, reading flyers the school provided to expand my knowledge about this career, I would knowShow MoreRelatedCulinary Arts1263 Words   |  6 PagesArts career field you have to have a specific set of skills to make delicious appetizing meals. For example you have to follow safe food handling procedures, learn the dos and don’ts of food safety and sanitation. Learning the proper knife skills is one of the first things you learn in culinary arts; knowing the proper cutting techniques. Something I didn’t know about Culinary Arts was that a Pastry Chef is the number one culinary careers. Pastry Chefs are skilled in the making of pastries, dessertsRead MoreThe Theory Of The Entrepreneurship Process2984 Words   |  12 PagesThe entrepreneurship process is continually changing due to the aspect of globalisation. It is in this regard that the definitive term of the entrepreneurship process is becoming hard to derive. Various individuals are strategically coming up with innovative ideas that have effects on the economies of various countries. Entrepreneurs are known to create various types of ventures that range from lifestyle organisations to rapid growth corporations (Morris, Schindehutte Allen, 2005, p. 730). TheRead MoreHotel and Hospitality Industry22258 Words   |  90 Pagesinvolve: †¢ making presentations †¢ undertaking practical tasks †¢ producing written work. When I was 12 years old I went to my auntie’s wedding at a very posh hotel and I remember being looked after by the staff – everyone working at the hotel was so friendly and helpful. The dining room looked great, with lights twinkling everywhere, beautiful flowers and gleaming glasses. My auntie and uncle still say that it was the best day of their lives. I want to help make happy memories, and I began to thinkRead MoreHotel Front Desk13861 Words   |  56 Pagesof most hospitality establishments is to produce a profit. To meet this goal, factors such as current economic conditions, marketing plans, competition, and staff size and ability are constantly reviewed. The general manager, the person in charge of directing and leading the hotel staff in meeting its financial, environmental, and community responsibilities, develops organization charts that fit his or her plan to meet the goals of the company. The organization charts—schematic drawings that list managem entRead MoreBuss Plan12286 Words   |  50 Pagesarise in overcoming consumer stereotypes about health food not tasting good and in business expenses. Tampa Bay’s most desirable locations have extremely high rental rates, which means that the bakery would be unable to survive unless it achieved great success quickly. Overall, Bon Bon Appetit shows good potential as a local business, given that its weaknesses are addressed in a way that minimizes their negative impact on the bakery’s bottom line. Compromises on the bakery location which allow forRead MoreReengineering in Access Bank Plc14984 Words   |  60 Pagesespecially in the sense of business process, often confused with reengineering. [1] Process Management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools, techniques and systems to define, visualize, measure, control, report and improve processes with the goal to meet customer requirements profitably. It is different from program management in that program management is concerned with managing a group of inter-dependent projects.[2] In computer science, a process is an application in execution. When a processRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagessuggest changes to the text, the author would appreciate your writing to him at dowden@csus.edu. iv Praise Comments on the earlier 1993 edition, published by Wadsworth Publishing Company, which is owned by Cengage Learning: There is a great deal of coherence. The chapters build on one another. The organization is sound and the author does a superior job of presenting the structure of arguments. David M. Adams, California State Polytechnic University These examples work quiteRead MoreBrand Building Blocks96400 Words   |  386 Pagesbreakthroughs, managers leave their brands vulnerable and risk missing opportunities. A new competitor thus is often the source and the beneficiary of true innovation. 7. Pressure To Invest Elsewhere: The Sins Of Complacency And Greed A position of great brand strength is also a potential strategic problem, because it attracts both complacency and greed. When a brand is strong, there is a temptation to reduce investment in the core business area in order to improve short-term performance or to fund

Best Friend Free Essays

I am always really impressed and excited by the girlstudents wearing Ao Dai coming out of schools every where in the city at the end of class time. That image is indeed beautiful and so rich in the Vietnamese culture! However, we may be forgetting such a lovely image because of the current tendency for cultural intergration . The white Ao Dai has been gradually replaced by the self-designed skirts matched with shirts as usually seen in the Korean or Japanese movies . We will write a custom essay sample on Best Friend or any similar topic only for you Order Now Seeing this reality, we, highschool students support the concept of maintaining the Ao Dai as the official uniform for highschool girlstudents. Introduce members of group) So why do we should keep using Ao Dai as school girls’ uniform? 1. First of all, the Ao Dai is a kind of dress that represents most deeply the nationality of the Vietnamese people. People never take the Vietnamese Ao Dai for the Japanese Kimono, for the Korean Hanbok or the Chinese Xam gown. With a long history related to that of the development of the Vietnamese people, the Ao Dai has become a typical tradition, rich in national cultural essence. In other words, the Ao Dai is the national costume for the Vietnamese women. That is why female delegates, leaders’ Ladies dress themselves in Ao Dai at the national or international conferences in order to affirm the sense of national superiority. The contestants for the global beauty contests always wear Ao Dai to promote the Vietnamese image. Right in our country, every day, every hour do we see the Vietnamese women in the national Ao Dai at hotels, restaurants, banks, post offices, schools and offices as well. The Ao Dai bears in itself the image of a country, Vietnam with an abundant cultural core. . The Ao Dai not only symbolizes the national tradition, but also glorifies the beauty of the Vietnamese women, especially the white Ao Dai has been connected with the softness and purity of the Vietnamese girlstudents for long time. With the simple but fine features, the purely white Ao Dai brings about the sense of nobility for highschool girlstudents. No one can forget the image of the girlstudents of Dong Khanh Highschool on their way back home. Tha t image has been the endless inspirations for writers and poets since then. Young girlstudents may like the youngness and the modernity of the new fashionable uniforms, but the Ao Dai is always the best choice for the dress that represents the dynamic and modern aspects of present-time girlstudents, but still keeps the non-mistakable of the Vietnamese women. 3. Finally, the Ao Dai honors not only the external beauty but also the internal beauty of the Vietnamese girls’soul more than any other costumes. To some extents, the dress we wear influences our behavior. In this sense, the Ao Dai has educational value. In the white, charming Ao Dai, the girls’ conducts, speech, attitudes and manner are even more valued. That is the thought of holding a representative,and national image ,the preservation and the development of the cultural values for the nation. The educational aspect of the Ao Dai not only spreads over the grirlstudents but also over the community . Every day, at any time we can happen to see the Ao Dai on any streets in the city: that is not just a beautiful image , but it is a symbol that reminds people of the typical, traditional, cultural beauty and profound, national sense of superiority. Consequently, for its national, educational and aesthetic values, represented in the girlstudents’ Ao Dai, we strongly recommend the Ao Dai to be the official uniform for highschool girlstudents. Vietnam being in its process of renovation and intergration; we may easily leave the traditional beauties behind. For this reason, we should not allow the imported foreign fashions or styles to bring the Ao Dai into decadence. Beautify ourselves and our city with your white alluring Ao Dai! Toi v? n luon ? n tu? ng va xuc d? ng khi m? i gi? tan tru? ng, nh? ng ta ao dai tr? ng c? a cac b? n n? sinh ua ra kh? cac n? o du? ng thanh ph?. Hinh ? nh ? y th? t d? p va d? m ch? t Vi? t Nam bi? t bao. Th? nhung, v? i xu hu? ng van hoa h? i nh? p hi? n nay, chung ta dang d? n m? t di m? t hinh ? nh d? p nhu th?. Chi? c ao dai tr? ng dang d? n b? thay th? b? i nh? ng b? d? ng ph? c t? thi? t k? , di? n hinh nhu cac ki? u vay k? t h? p v? i ao so mi ma ta v? n thu? ng th? y trong cac b? phim Han Qu? c hay Nh? t B? n. Tru? c th? c tr? ng nay, nhom h? c sinh chung toi mu? n th? hi? n quan di? m v? vi? c chung ta nen duy tri vi? c s? d? ng ao dai nhu d? ng ph? c c? a h? c sinh trung h? c. (Gi? i thi? u nhom) V? y t? i sao chung ta ph? i duy tri vi? c s? d? ng ao dai nhu d? ng ph? c c? a cac n? sinh? 1. Tru? c h? t, ao dai la trang ph? c th? hi? n tinh dan t? c sau s? c c? a ngu? i Vi? t Nam. Ngu? i ta khong th? nh? m l? n ao dai c? a ngu? i Vi? t v? i kimono c? a ngu? i Nh? t, hanbok c? a ngu? i Han hay su? n xam c? a ngu? i Trung Hoa. V? i l? ch s? lau d? i g? n li? n v? i l? ch s? phat tri? n c? a dan t? c VN, ao dai da tr? thanh m? t net truy? n th? ng d? c trung, d? m da b? n s? c van hoa dan t? c. Noi cach khac, ao dai chinh la qu? c ph? c c? a ngu? i VN. Do la ly do vi sao ? cac h? i ngh? qu? gia hay qu? c te, cac n? d? i bi? u hay phu nhan cac nha lanh d? o v? n m? c ao dai d? kh? ng d? nh s? t? ton dan t? c. Cac d? i di? n tham gia cac cu? c thi s? c depk toan c? u luon mang tren minh chi? c ao dai VN d? qu? ng ba hinh ? nh Vi? t. Ngay ? d? t nu? c chung ta, hang ngay, hang gi? chung ta d? u co th? nhin th? y hinh ? nh ph? n? Vi? t trong chi? c ao dai dan t? c ? cac khach s? n, n gan hang, buu di? n, tru? ng trung h? c va cac co quan khac. Nhu v? y, co th? noi r? ng ao dai da mang tren no hinh ? nh c? a c? m? t d? t nu? c Vi? t Nam d? m da b? n s? c van hoa. 2. Ao dai khong ch? ang d? m tinh dan t? c ma ao dai con ton vinh v? d? p c? a ngu? i ph? n? Vi? t Nam va ao dai tr? ng da g? n li? n v? i s? d? u dang, net trong sang c? a ngu? i n? sinh Vi? t t? r? t lau r? i. V? i s? don gi? n nhung tinh t? , chi? c ao dai tr? ng tinh khoi mang d? n c? m giac thanh thoat cho cac n? sinh trung h? c. Khong ai co th? quen du? c hinh ? nh n? sinh D? ng Khanh ngay xua m? i khi tan tru? ng v?. Hinh ? nh ? y cung la ngu? n c? m h? ng cho r? t nhi? u cac thi si tru? c day cho t? i t? n bay gi?. Co th? net hi? n d? i va tr? trung c? a nh? ng ki? u d? ng ph? c m? i khi? n cac b? n n? inh yeu thich, nhung d? v? n v? a th? hi? n tinh nang d? ng, hi? n d? i c? a n? sinh th? i nay ma v? n gi? du? c net d? p khong th? nh? m l? n c? a ngu? i ph? n? Vi? t, ao dai v? n luon la s? l? a ch? n t? i uu nh? t. 3. Cu? i cung, hon b? t c? m? t lo? i trang ph? c nao, ao dai khong ch? ton vinh v? d? p ben ngoai ma con nang cao cai d? p tam h? n ben trong c? a ngu? i con gai Vi? t. B? ng cach nay hay cach khac, trang ph? c ta m? c luon co ? nh hu? ng t? i hanh vi c? a ta. Ao dai co tinh giao d? c theo cach nay. Trong nh? ng ta ao dai tr? ng d? p nh? nhang, y th? c v? c? ch? , thai d? cach di d? ng va l? i noi c? a cac b? n n? sinh cung du? c nang cao. Do chinh la y th? c v? vi? c gi? gin m? t hinh ? nh d? i di? n c? a m? t dan t? c, la b? o t? n va phat huy nh? ng gia tr? van hoa c? a d? t nu? c. Tinh giao d? c c? a ao dai con co tinh ch? t lan t? a b? i khong ch? rieng cac n? sinh ma toan th? xa h? i d? u du? c giao d? c y th? c. B? i l? , hang ngay, c? m? i gi? d? n tru? ng hay tan h? c, ngu? i ta d? u co th? b? t g? p m? t ta ao dai tr? ng nao do tren b? t ki m? t n? o du? ng nao trong thanh ph?. Do khong ch? la m? t hinh ? nh d? p ma con la bi? u tu? ng nh? c nh? m? ng u? i v? cai d? p van hoa truy? n th? ng d? c trung va long t? ton dan t? c sau s? c. Nhu v? y, b? i tinh dan t? c, tinh th? m m? , va tinh giao d? c th? hi? n ro qua chi? c ao dai n? sinh, chung toi d? cao vi? c duy tri s? d? ng ao dai nhu d? ng ph? c h? c sinh ? tru? ng THPT. D? t nu? c cang d? i m? i va h? i nh? p, chung ta cang d? dang m? t di nh? ng net d? p truy? n th? ng. V? y nen d? ng d? nh? ng thi? t k? th? i trang ngo? i nh? p lam ao dai n? sinh c? a chung ta b? lang quen. Hay t? lam d? p chinh chung ta va lam d? p c? thanh ph? nay v? i nh? ng chi? c ao dai tr? ng c? a cac b? n! 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Arts Education Essay Example For Students

Arts Education Essay Imagination is more important than knowledge. For knowledge is limited while imagination embraces the whole world. (Albert Einstein) Since earliest times when humans drew images on the walls of the caves, the arts have been our means of recording our human experience and Of making sense of our world. The arts give expression to our understanding, our imagination and our creativity. As the world we inhabit becomes smaller, faster and more competitive, these qualities are increasingly important. Schools and society must develop our children to become happy. Well-adjusted citizens, rather than pupils who can just pass a test and get through school. We must ensure that our children can think creatively, skillfully, and outside the box. The arts are a vital part of doing this and of ensuring that every pupil can achieve his or her potential and contribute fully to our society, We can also say that the arts are an integral part of a complete, successful and high-quality education. A comprehensive arts education provides a rich and engaging curriculum that develops pupils abilities to think, reason and understand the world and its cultures. It offers pupils opportunities to respond, perform, and create in the arts. The arts instill in our pupils the habits of mind that last a lifetime: analytical skills, the ability to solve problems, perseverance and a drive for excellence. The creative skills children develop through the arts carry them toward new ideas, ewe experiences and new challenges, as well as offering personal satisfaction. Research on the effects of arts education on childrens learning and development has in fact showed significant positive outcomes on children exposed to arts programs With teacher supervision compared to children not exposed to arts education. It has been proved that children exposed to arts do better in school, develop greater social, cognitive and emotional skills and are more likely to earn higher degrees of education later in life.

Healthy Lifestyles and Ageing

Introduction Ageing is a biological process that one cannot avoid; it is often related to diseases. A healthy lifestyle helps a person to live healthy even in old age. A healthy lifestyle is a way of living that tries to eliminate occurrence of a disease as well as reducing the risk of dying. It involves social, mental and physical health.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Healthy Lifestyles and Ageing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There is thus a relationship between ageing and lifestyle. Lifestyle refers to choices that one makes including diet, physical exercises, smoking and alcohol intake. A healthy lifestyle makes a person to enjoy his life and avoid health complications. This article will discuss the correlation between a lifestyle and the quality of life that a person lives as he/she grows old. Factors that Affect Ageing Ageing is determined by social lifestyle of a person; this comes as a result of ones experiences and environmental interaction in which one is exposed to. Several theories have been developed to explain the ageing process: activity theory, disengagement theory, social cognitive theory among others. Biologically, ageing is caused by the destruction of cells, â€Å"metabolic stress, oxidative stress and inflammation† (Rahelu, 2009, p. 232). Depression contributes much in ageing. People with depressed mood indirectly quicken their ageing. Depression may be caused by an unfavorable environment. A depressed person is likely to engage in unhealthy lifestyle such as smoking, alcohol abuse, less physical exercises which will likely result to development obesity. Smoking of cigarettes and taking of alcohol are associated with many diseases some of which include cancer and diabetes. Most chronic diseases are attracted to people with depressed moods (Gool et al., 2007). Social differences are related to the level of exercise engagement. From a research carried out to s upport ecological theory, it was seen that women who earned a lot of money engaged more in physical exercises while those with high level of education engaged less in physical exercises. In men, money and level of education did not affect the level of physical exercise. Among those who engaged in physical exercises, there were few blacks compared to whites (Grzywacz, 2001). Experience determines the social approach to life. In young unmarried relationships, love is not much a commitment like in older people. How we live our lives is also determined by other factors, such as race, gender, ethnicity and environment. For example, some people marry early in life while others marry late. According to a psychologist Daniel Levinson, transition begins when one gets into adulthood. Moving away from parent’s residence marks a significant point of one’s life. At around the age of 40 years, there is the midlife transition which is the second stage. In many people, it is character ized by midlife crisis. This is a stage where individuals feel that they have not made it in life according to the goals they had set for themselves. The stage is characterized with stress and this can have negative effects on the individual. The crisis can also be due to many responsibilities that a person gets, such as taking care of the children and the parents at the same time (Society, n.d.).Advertising Looking for essay on aging? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Theories of Ageing Activity Theory Activity theory bases its argument on activity as a person continues to age. To have a healthy ageing process, one must continue doing many activities that he/she did while he/she was young. Alternatively, one can substitute these roles so as to maintain high body activity. Activity theory argues that people who are active even in their old age live a more satisfying life than those who do not engage themselves in any activity. M any people who retire and become idle tend to get health problems compared to those who are involved in some activity (Bohl, 2010). The inactivity state can be caused by disease, environmnent, retirement and dependency on the children or other people. There are also old people with sound health but they tend to be inactive. This is why this theory is opposed because even old people without any problem tend to remain inactive. They are said to be self imposed activity limitation which is â€Å"an incremental process of self determined, self initiated, and self reinforced constraints on physical, mental or social actions by a person who has control over a situation and the capacity of performing an action† (Guo Philips, 2010, p. 358). From a study, it was observed that older people who lived in isolation were at a higher risk of dying (Grzywacz, 2001). This necessitated the need for the elderly people to be involved in various activities. Social networks have been associated w ith positive effects on the elderly people making them to live longer. People who have remained active in their old age live longer than those who remain inactive (Grzywacz, 2001). Activity theory has an implication in healthy lifestyle because research proves that activities are physical exercises and they help to improve the quality of life. Disengagement Theory According to disengagement theory by Cummings and Henry in 1961, as people get old, they tend to stop many activities that they used to engage in. The theory argues that old people cannot have the same desires as they used to have when they were young. Older people stop working; engage in less volunteer work, and less spouse hobbies. Activities such as going to swim are left for the younger people. The society also separates the aged from the rest of the society. The old are taken to nursing homes and they are not given opportunities in employment. Old people in the world represent about 7% population which is more than 45 3 million people (Society, n.d.).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Healthy Lifestyles and Ageing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This theory was challenged because it was only effective when the society isolated the old people and prevented them from performing their duties. It was disapproved because research showed that most of the old people enjoyed being part of activities which are carried out in the society. It showed that it helped majority of those people who were involved in activities. A research revealed that there were a fewer number of deaths in those people who did volunteer work than those who did not. Old people who live with their families have higher life expectancy than those who live in isolation. Involvement in social work of an old person develops the social ability. (Hinterlong, 2006) People who engage in learning activities have been seen to have lower number of visits to the hospitals. E cological Theory of Ageing This theory explains that the ability of a person to cope with ageing depends more on his/her environment as well as the inner strength. There are environmental factors that are related with ageing: â€Å"interpersonal, psychological, familial, social network, community, institutional, societal and cultural as well as physical, ecological and historical† (Bandura, 1998, p., 29). An Unfavorable environment does not encourage personal growth and can impair the functioning of a person’s body. This is influenced by the habitat in which he/she lives. The environment tends to determine the â€Å"social distance, intimacy, privacy, and other interpersonal processes† (Bandura, 1998, p. 30). An unfavorable environment leads a person to neglect him/herself in many ways such as the diet he/she takes and engaging in physical exercises. Ecological theory is applicable in ones lifestyle because the environment determines the kind of lifestyle that a person lives. An environment can highly determine many physical exercises and the type of diet and other behaviors such as smoking. Social Cognitive Theory This theory explains that each person gets some patterns of behavior which are more determined by the inside person other than the environment. It upholds that people are responsible for their own behavior because, they are responsible for their motivation, behavior and development which are closely related to each other. These behavioral patterns outcomes are not molded by the environment in which a person lives. A person is supposed to modify the environment and make it favorable. The environment includes social and physical environments.Advertising Looking for essay on aging? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The social environment is made up of the family, friends and people of the same age group. The physical environment refers to the place where one stays and the characteristics such as temperature, humidity, and the food a person eats. The environment is used to determine a person’s behavior in certain circumstances. In this theory, mental perception of environment affects a person’s behavior. The environment and behavior affects each other. The theory explains how behaviors are coordinated in a person. They can be acquired through observation. When one acquires the skills to perform an action he/she is known to have behavioral capability. This theory also considers the expectations which are results that a particular behavior brings. A rewarding behavior is likely to be reinforced, while a punishing behavior is eliminated. A person can also regulate his/her behaviors by having self control. There is also an emotional way that individuals behave to handle difficult emot ional situations. This is used to know the best way to cope with difficulties (Twente, 2010). Social cognitive theory is applicable because a person’s experience highly determines what kind of lifestyle they lead. Healthy habits such as engaging in physical exercises, encouraging happy moods and eating healthy diet result in a healthy lifestyle. It creates a good basis of research since ageing is determined by long term behaviors. Importance of Healthy nutrition and Physical Exercises Taking a diet with a lot of vegetables, little salt, saturated fat and wine and engaging in physical exercises are a good way of increasing life expectancy. This kind of diet is beneficial because it eliminates cholesterol and lowers the blood pressure. Physical exercise and healthy nutrition reduces the risk of obesity. Excessive weight is related to complications such as, â€Å" high blood pressure, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, stroke, obstructive sleep apnea, depression and osteoarthritis † (ADAM, 2010, p. 1). Physical exercise is also important in that it helps to keep healthy and strong bones. In adulthood, men and women reach their peak bone mass by but it starts wearing out when one starts ageing. Women usually lose bone mass at a higher rate than men during menopause at the rate of 1-2%. Physical exercises such as running, jogging and cycling have been known to increase bone mass while preventing them from wearing out. Physical exercises also reduce the risks of osteoporosis because it increases the strength of muscles, synchronization, flexibility and stability. Sufficient intake of calcium and vitamin D are also important in strengthening bones. It is therefore important for old people to get outside and have frequent exposure to sunshine other than remaining indoors throughout the day. This reduces the incidences of Vitamin D deficiency. Those who have vitamin D deficiency can take vitamin D supplements. Strong bones reduce the risk of bone fractures. F ruits and vegetables help to maintain the bones in a healthy condition. Enough intake of vitamin A helps in normal growth of bones. Older people have a challenge of being able to take food efficiently. Majority of old people live on drugs and this may cause poor health of their teeth. If the teeth are affected, a person’s ability to chew and taste the food decreases (Rahelu, 2009). Older people’s stomachs tend to accommodate small quantities of food which may be insufficient. They also have increased cases of constipation especially if one does not include fruits and vegetables in the diet (Davies, 2011). Lack of strong teeth can determine the type of food a certain person is able to eat and may force him/her to eat. Healthy diet promotes healthy skin (Rahelu, 2009). Mental health is enhanced by physical activities. It is more appropriate to engage in physical exercises than to use drugs for mental wellbeing. Social prescribing is helpful in maintaining mental health. It creates opportunities for people to engage in arts, creativity, physical exercises and adventures as well as learning new skills. When the mind is involved, it hardly gets depressed (Davies, 2011); â€Å"social support reduces vulnerability to stress† (Bandura, 1998, p. 5). Healthy lifestyle increases the life expectancy of a person. Cigarette smoking reduces life expectancy but there are notable advantages of stopping to smoke cigarettes because it lowers the risks of occurrence of diseases which are caused by cigarette smoking e. g cancer. Lifestyle drugs are taken by people to increase the value of life. The drugs are meant to enhance good appearance, physical and mental ability. They are not taken because a person is ailing from any disease. This is the reason why many physicians are faced with many challenging situations when healthy people demand for lifestyle drugs; which may have a negative effect on their health. Lifestyle drugs are of two types: â€Å"Drugs appr oved for a specific lifestyle indication and drugs approved for specific indications but used for other purposes† (Harth, Seikowsky, Hermes, 2009, p. 14). Old people tend to use them so as to appear younger. A healthy lifestyle helps men to maintain high levels of testosterone hormone even in their old age. From a research which was based on men’s behaviors of smoking, diet and physical exercises there was a strong relationship of lifestyle and levels of testosterone. Those who had higher scores of lifestyle, i. e. had not smoked, engaged in physical exercises and were consistently taking healthy diets were found to have higher levels of testosterone (Yeap et al., 2009). Healthy lifestyle involves healthy diet, engaging in physical exercises and social and psychological health. Research on healthy lifestyle has shown many benefits. Encouraging people to live on healthy diet and engage on physical exercise has improved the quality of lives in many people. Physical activ ities have also been beneficial because they prevent depression and loneliness increasing the social ability of individuals. Social factors such as staying with the family can influence the quality of life and the economic status in ageing, the effects of lifestyle drugs can be done. Abstaining from alcohol and cigarette smoking have shown a significant relationship with the quality of life led by old people. The age of giving birth in women is also crucial in determining the lifestyle of a woman. Other Factors that affect a Healthy lifestyle A healthy lifestyle is determined by the friends that one has. Peer influence is one of the major reasons why young people engage in alcoholism taking and cigarette smoking. Many social groups tend to have people with common behaviors. Cigarette smokers and excessive alcoholics are at higher risks of depression (Gool et al., 2007). In women early motherhood has been associated with a decrease in life expectancy in many cases. Girls who give bir th in their teenage mostly have lower social economic status which makes them have an unhealthy lifestyle. Their physical health is usually poorer and there is a higher rate of mortality. To start with early mothers get mentally affected because they get so much duties to perform which are beyond their strength. They may drop out of school or have a lower perfomance in education compared to others. When their education is affected, the consequences are likely to be carried on to adulthood, because they do not get well paying jobs whereas they have the responsibility of taking care of the children. This causes depression which makes them vulnerable to many health complications (Henretta, Grundy, Okell, Wadsworth, 2008). Low social economic status cause people to take unhealthy diets, low physical activity and to engage in health deteriorating behaviors such as excessive alcoholism and cigarette smoking. These makes them prone to other diseases which reduce their quality of life in o ld age and low life expectancy. From a reseach which was done on twins with different social economicc levels, it was revealed that white blood cell telomere was short in those of lower social economic groups. Lower social economic people were engaged in smoking, perfomed less physical exercises and majority were overweight (Cherkas et al., 2006). Conclusion Promotion of health programs is the key factor to help in extension of life expectancy. Healthy lifestyle such as having adequate physical exercise and balanced diet, avoiding alcohol and cigarettes prevents occurrence of many diseases and thus increases the quality of life and life expectancy of life. Nurses and healthcare providers should maximize education practices to people so as to deal with the increased cases of diseases in old people. Teaching them on healthy lifestyle is invaluable and can highly reduce the intake of drugs. More research could be done to determine how diet, lifestyle and ageing process relate to each o ther. This could determine the effectiveness of nutritional supplements. References ADAM. (2010). Obesity. Web. Bandura, A. (1998). Health Promotion from the Perspective of Social Cognitive Theory. Web. Bohl, W. B. (2010). Investigating Elder self neglect. Web. Cherkas et al. (2006). The effects of social economic status on biological ageing as measured by white blood cell telomere. Ageing Cell. 5.5, 361-365. From EBSCO host. Print. Davies, N. (2011). Promoting healthy ageing: the importance of lifestyle. Nursing Standard.25.19, 43-50. From EBSCO host. Print. Gool et al. (2007). Associations Between Lifestyle and Depressed Mood:Longitudinal Results From the Maastricht Aging. American Journal of Public Health. 97. 5., 887-894. From EBSCO host. Print. Grzywacz, J. G. (2001). Social Inequalities and exercise during adulthood:Toward an ecological perspective. Jornal of Health and social behavior. 42.2, 202. From EBSCO host. Print. Guo, G., Philips, L. R. (2010). Conceptualization and N ursing Implications of self Imposed Activity Limitation among community dwelling elders. Public Health Nursing. 27.4, 353-361. From EBSCO host. Print. Harth, W., Seikowsky, K., Hermes, B. (2009). Lifestyle Drugs in old age. Gerontology. 55, 13-25. From EBSCO host. Print. Henretta, Grundy, Okell, Wadsworth. (2008). Early Motherhood and Mental heaalth in midlife. Ageing Mental Health. 12.5, 605-614. From EBSCO host. Print. Hinterlong, J. E. (2006). The Effects of Civic Engagement of Current and Future Cohorts of Older Adults. Winter. 30. 4, 10-17. From EBSCO host. Print. Society. (n. d). Aging and Society. Web. Twente. (2010). Social Cognitive Theory. University of Twente. Web. Yeap et al. (2009). Healthier Lifestyle predicts higher Circulating testosterone in older men:the Health in Men Study. Clinical Endocrinology. 70, 455-463. From EBSCO host. Print. This essay on Healthy Lifestyles and Ageing was written and submitted by user Desiree Holder to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Language as a Connector †Communications Essay (200 Level Course)

Language as a Connector – Communications Essay (200 Level Course) Free Online Research Papers Language as a Connector Communications Essay (200 Level Course) Essay Prompt: People often think of language as a connector, something that brings people together by helping them share experiences, feelings, ideas, etc. We, however, are interested in how language sets people apart. Start with the peculiarities of your own personal language- the voice you use when speaking most intimately to yourself, the vocabulary that spills out when youre startled, or special phrases and gestures that no one else seems to use or even understand- and tell us how your language makes you unique. You may want to think about subtle riffs or idiosyncrasies based on cadence, rhythm, rhyme, or (mis)pronunciation. I believe language is a piecing together of thoughts to form an approximation of some mental apparition. Over time, this construction of the mind became standardized, but the primary mechanism has not changed. I have never been very adept at using words to convey any particularities in how I speak or write, so I will let my writing do that for me. My thoughts do not follow any kind of syntax, but behave like abstractions in the form of flying sheets, faint shadows, pointing arrows, halos of light, or jumbles of blocks. When I do think in words, I find a few snippets of Korean or Japanese floating amidst a queue lining up to be uttered. When I read, it feels as though some mental audio book is playing the words that my eyes translate, but sometimes my mind is so noisy that I have to read aloud to keep the distracting voices quiet. These are the voices of students, standing in a sunlit library atrium, their tenor sounds echoing chaos. Their strains are filled with random words a nd images that constantly shove each other away, vying for my attention. It is through this sea I must wade through in order to find the few fragments to assemble a complete thought. Although I was born in the United States, I spent the first four years of my life in Korea, where I quickly learned its language and customs. Then when I moved back to the United States, it was difficult to transform my Korean thoughts into English words, so I used pictures to say what I wanted. Soon I learned how to speak flawless English, although at times I utter strains of broken phrases like â€Å"eating time eat† during dinnertime or â€Å"I study now.† Other sporadic delivery errors like the misplacement of a verb in a sentence or the mispronunciation of an ‘l’ sound get mixed in my speech and especially when I read out loud. I confuse my ‘which’s with ‘that’s and frequently use worn out idioms like â€Å"I find that,† â€Å"like the plague,† or â€Å"bets are off† in my writing. The search for synonyms consumes most of the time it takes to write a paper or prepare a talk. In an effort to encourage language learning, my parents bought me an electric typewriter when I was seven years old, which I used to punch out colorful sidebars on dinosaurs and spaceships or just plain nonsense. Occasionally I made mistakes during production which were then transferred to an eraser unit, which needed periodic replacement. So I took out the old cartridge and its contact film. On it were random letters, digits, and symbols that the mechanism picked up every time I hit ‘backspace.’ Then I called everyone into the living room and announced that I created a new language, reading the strip of film with made-up sounds. The only problem was that nobody except I had any idea what I was saying and quit trying to decipher my code. A seven-year-old’s pride welled up inside me as I discovered that I knew something that no one else did, even if it was silly and imaginary. This was the inner voice I was looking for, a chaos where I found order. At times I still find myself scribbling cryptic messages to myself in seemingly random arrangements of symbols in the middle of drawings of power lines, factories, and bridges when I do not know what to say in English. Writing has always been the one activity I find the most difficult, since I constantly have to sift the objects in my head and then search for the right words that not only accurately describe what I am thinking, but also conform to accepted conventions. My situation reminds me of an old cartoon from a Dave Barry book with male and female brains side by side. The male brain is connected to a complicated apparatus of distillers, pumps, pipes, and a tiny faucet at the mouth dripping out words one at a time, while the female brain is attached to a big giant hose gushing forth words without restraint. I find myself having a bit of both qualities. It is often difficult to say what is on my mind, and it sometimes takes a lot of mental wrestling to get a point across. But when I am excited about what I am talking about, I forget about grammar and structure and just let everything pour out, bad ‘l’s and all. Research Papers on Language as a Connector - Communication's Essay (200 Level Course)Quebec and CanadaHip-Hop is ArtComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoStandardized TestingAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeThe Spring and AutumnMind TravelAnalysis Of A Cosmetics Advertisement19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm X

Medieval gargoyles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Medieval gargoyles - Essay Example representing animal faces, or anthropomorphic, i.e. representing human form. The term â€Å"gargoyle† is extensively used with any grotesque carving of buildings of medieval times. They are a fascinating element of medieval architecture and are not only related to medieval churches and cathedrals, but also associated with English gothic castles. Gargoyles are ideal resemblance of great lords, who in order to crush and make natives do what they want, built such intricate fortresses and castles (Stratis Demon). Although the word â€Å"gargoyles† in plumbing sense appear to be followed since Ancient Greek times or even before that but they became popular in medieval times during the Victorian era. During Elizabethan period, channels or troughs used had no carved shapes on them (Stratis Demon). Initially most of the gargoyles used were usually made of wood and were generally undecorated. Along the progress in time, gargoyles were made with stone and lead and were made in the form of carvings of or absurd representations of animals and people. Those carvings were the creation of imaginative and proficient hands, often so ingenious as to carry a little or no resemblance to normal creature. During the first appearance of gargoyles in 1200 century, the people of other faiths were so much influenced by Roman Catholic Church that they converted to Catholic. An argument for attractive looking gargoyles at that time appeared, since most people were not literate at that time and therefore the images of gargoyles were of great importance then. In addition, many non-believers of Christianity were used to with the religious images like of animals or of those that included both humans and animals (e.g. unicorn, horned God). They were greatly encouraged to join the Christianity by putting similar images on churches and cathedrals as they felt more complacent about it. It is important to mention that some other accommodations like gargoyles were made by churches at

Allied Health Scholarship Fund Contest Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Allied Health Scholarship Fund Contest - Essay Example I have performed volunteer at Loma Linda Children’s Hospital in the Child Development Center and King Drew Medical Center in the psychiatric ward. I am currently an Emergency Medical Technician, certificate #B1980906. As well I have been a children’s camp counselor for both disabled as well as healthy children, and have been a mentor and basketball coach at the Y.M.C.A. and the U.C. Recreational Center. As you can see, I am committed to achievement and excellence, yet understanding and helping others is where my heart beats. I have faithfully served my calling here at UCLA since 2006. I have been accepted to the Firefighting Academy for the Fall of 2011. This will mean a hardship for my family and I because my wife is still in nursing school; paying for her tuition and the academy just isn’t possible on the part time wages I would receive after entering the academy. I want to be able to continue my dream of helping others as a professional member of this communit y; for this I need your help. This scholarship will provide me with the tools and information to serve my community with excellence and dedication; as well as provide me with an outlet to continue mentoring others along the way. I respectfully ask you to give me this opportunity to make a difference in our local community.

Herta Company: Product Improvement Analysis and Plan

Herta Company: Product Improvement Analysis and Plan Report Title: A Study of a soy and wheat steak by the brand Herta in France    Summary The question of meat consumption is raised in almost every country in Europe. People are starting to reduce their meat consumption for various reasons such as its price, ethics, health or environment. Hence, the industry has to adapt and create an answer to that new demand. Some brands like Herta, a traditional cold meat brand company has created a new Vegetal range. The aim of this report is to study a soy and wheat steak from the brand Herta in France. First, the report will focus on an overall market situation of a product involving desk research of the current market situation and a focus group to evaluate the perceived quality of the product. The second part of the report will suggest a plan for product improvement, presenting variations that could be done to improve the product and its sales. In order to do that, a small survey was done to understand better the needs and the worries of the population who can potentially buy such a type of product. 2.1 What is Herta? The product of the Brand Herta is a soy and wheat steak. It belongs to a range of products called Le Bon Và ©gà ©tal, meaning The Good Vegetal. Herta is an industrial brand owned by Nestlà ©. It is famous for its pre-cooked Frankfurter, which is a seasoned smoked sausage made of beef and pork. Herta is currently the number one Frankfurter-brand throughout Europe, but not only that. Herta has an awareness rate of 96% and a penetration rate of 83% in France, and is the first brand of cold meats and has been the first brand overall in France for 3 years according to the Kantar World panel. Its position on the market has always been one of simplicity, and it has insisted a lot on this with its slogan The taste of simple things since 2012. Herta does the majority of its activity on the cold meat market with 60% of its sales in volume. It also sells fresh deli products. Recently, the brand announced an innovation which has broken with its usual business portfolio : the range Le Bon Và ©gà ©tal. According to Sophie Van Eeckhaute, brand manager at Herta, this new product is the latest strong undertaking of the company. Usually the market is only owned by specialists, but Herta wants to democratize the vegetal protein. While this product seems unusual for the brand, she highlights that Nestlà © is not new in this field since it owns Krupa, a product facility for production of such products. Le Bon Và ©gà ©tarien has more than 10 different recipes elaborated with vegetal proteins and each product is sold for around 2,75 â‚ ¬ with a weight of 150 to 200g. With this new product, Herta is aiming at flexitarians (30% of the population in France) who try to reduce their meat consumption, but also to vegetarians, who dont eat meat (2%) and vegans, who dont eat product from animals (0,5%). Herta wants to attract 30% of the vegetarian catering market of supermarkets. It is aiming at families who want to eat healthily and who want to reduce their consumption of animal proteins according to Catherine Petilon, marketing director at Herta. In Nestlà ©s opinion, the offer of fresh deli products doesnt fit with the needs of the French consumers. The consumers dont really know the brands which are positioned on the market of vegetal protein foods such as Sojasun, Cà ©rà ©al and Carrefour Veggie. The marketing director is convinced that Herta has a role to play on this market thanks to its notoriety. Indeed, the brand bets on its proximity to the meat market to erase the concern of a part of consumers to eat vegetal meat. (Prodimarques, 2016) 2.2 What does the product consist of? All the products from the range Le bon Và ©gà ©tal come with the European Label V with the mention vegetarian or vegan. However, it doesnt say anything about the presence or absence of GMO soy despite the fact that Herta assures that they only use non GMO soy. Focusing on the Soy and wheat steak: Figure 1 Picture of Hertas product Here is the list of ingredients: Soy proteins and rehydrated wheat proteins, water, vegetal oils, onions, corn starch, stabilizers E461, E407; salt, maltodextrin, yeast extract, aroma, onion powders, garlic powders, malt extract, caramel, spices, acidifier: E330. May contains eggs, sesame, celery and mustard. Table 1 Nutrition value of the soy and wheat steak by Herta Typical value For 100g Per portion (75g) % of recommended daily allowances Energy 158 kcal 119 kcal 6% Proteins 16g 12g 24% Fat (total) Saturated fatS 6g 0,7 4,5g 0,5g 6% 3% Carbohydrates 8g 6g 2% FibreS 4g 3g Salt 1,5 1,1g 19% (Source: OpenFoodFacts, 2016) 2.3 What is the situation of the market? The brand wants to establish itself in the niche of Vegetal meats which has a penetration rate, of 8,4% with only 4 purchases per year. But the sales are increasing by 10% each. Herta estimates that the sales are going to be multiplied by two within 2 years. In Germany, this market already represents 140 million of euros, while it is still only 28 million in France. The fresh deli products belonging to the vegetarian category like soya steaks have seen their sales increased by 11.9 % in mass retail in 2015 to reach 15.42 billion euros, according to IRI. Soy based products account for 2/3 of the sales. Over the same period, the overall fresh deli product market has also seen an augmentation of 5,6 % of its sale revenue. However, the average price of a vegetarian product decreased by 0.5% to 14,13 euros per kilo, while the average price of fresh products increased by 1,8% to 10,49 euros. 2.4 What is the situation of the product on the market? At the moment, there is no study available about the sales of the product and the sales of competitors. The market is still relatively new in France, and the company is not ready to reveal its sales figures. 2.5 Overall situation of the society Over the last years, significant changes have occurred in French food consumption habits. French people tend to eat more at home and in less time (according to euromonitor). But french people also spend less time cooking and want to eat more healthily at the same time. However, these differences of consumption also depend on criteria such as age. Hence, young adults (18-34) consume more processed foods than older people. They also use more delivery services and eat out more often. Besides, the generation born between 1977 and 1986 spends 8 times more money on processed food than the generation from 1920-1930 at the same age. This food consumption is the result of new aspirations which can be ethical, ecological, etc. This generation has to deal with the contradictions of the recommendations of nutrition from professionals and the pressure of the marketing of the government and of the food-business (Study from Agrimer: national French establishment of agricultural products, 2012). Therefore, 56% of the French say that they eat less meat compared to previous years. For 46% of interviewed people, this is because meat is too expensive. 35% say that industrial breeding doesnt respect animal welfare and 31% that meat is not good for health. Then, 26% quote the food scandals and 19% the respect of the environment. Among this panel, 61% eat meat at least once a day and 9% eat meat less than once a week. Now, 30% of French people are qualified as flexitarian. According to Terra eco (a specialized magazine), 26% of French people would be ready to become vegetarian. 1/2 French people occasionally consume vegetarian products and 1/5 vegan products. 1/5 declares themselves to be neo vegetarian. Nevertheless, 2/5 never have a meal without meat or fish. The profile of the typical vegan consumer is female, young and from a higher Socio-Professional Category. Above all, they look for healthy balanced and natural foods, which also respect the animal welfare, and also mistrust the food-industry. However, neo vegetarians prefer organic shops and brands. They also buy more in small local shops, sometimes up to twice as much as in supermarkets. (according to a report from arcane research). 2.6 Who are the main competitors? What are the main differences? To better understand the market, it is important to understand who the other competitors are. There are two different types of competitors: the ones from specialized shops, whose products have created the market, and the others which are sold in the same conditions as Hertas products and are more direct competitors. La Vie Claire: La Vie Claire is a chain of organic food stores. Products from La Vie Claire are only sold within their shops. They sell a very wide range of products which can substitute meat. Figure 2 Picture of La Vie Claires product Table 2 Nutrition value of the soy steak by La Vie Claire Characteristics Benefits Disadvantages Medium price: 3.50 â‚ ¬ for 180g Large range of product Only available in La Vie Claires shops Positioning: Specialized Food From real soy grains Too much fat: 22g against 6g in Hertas product From Organic Agriculture Not enough proteins: 11,6g against 16g in Hertas product The product can be seen Only 270 shops minimalistic Packaging (Source: La Vie Claire, 2016) La Vie Claire is not a direct competitor since their productS cant be found next to Hertas. However, indirectly it will challenge X Hertas brand and attract a part of the vegetarian and vegan consumers. The product benefits from the very good image of the brand which is seen as more trustworthy in this field, and whICH is specialized in this type of product. That is the reason why the product can be a little more expensive (2.91â‚ ¬ per 150g). Nevertheless, the visibility of the product is far smaller than Hertas and the product seems to have some nutritional issues since it cant really be a substitute for meat since there are not enough proteins in it, and that it contains also far too much fat. Grill vegetal by Cà ©rà ©al: Figure 3 Picture of Cereals product Table 3 Nutrition value of the soy and wheat steak by Grill Vegetal Characteristics Benefits Disadvantages Medium price: 3.07 â‚ ¬ for 180g Large range of product: 7 Rehydrated soy and wheat Positioning: Specialized Food A little more fat and mostly unsaturated: 8,5g against 6g in Hertas product Unknown by most consumers 6,1g of Fibers Only sold in specialized shops The product can be seen minimalistic Packaging Looks more like meat by the aspect and the packaging Made in France Specifies the absence of additives such as food colourings and preservatives. Good amount of proteins : 17g against 16g in Hertas product (Source: Grill Vegetal, 2016) Just like La Vie Claire, Grill Vegetal by Cà ©rà ©al is only sold in specialized shops. However, it is overall a good product with a lots of advantages such as its nutritional aspect, its place of production, and the price is even lower than Hertas (2,56 â‚ ¬ per 150g). The product seems to respond well to the consumers demand on all highlighted points by consumers. It also looks like meat and has a decent amount of proteins even if it is still less important than meat. Nevertheless, the rather poor visibility of the product may hold back its consumption. Sojasun: Figure 4 Picture of Sojasuns product Table 4 Nutrition value of the soy steak by Sojasun Characteristics Benefits Disadvantages Medium price: 3.50 â‚ ¬ for 200g Large range of products: 11 (7 steaks) Rehydrated soy Positioning: Supermarkets A little more fat and mostly unsaturated: 8,5g against 6g in Hertas product The real product cant be seen at all 5.0g of Fibers As many proteins as Hertas (16g) Soy cultivated in France No GMO (Source: Sojasun, 2016) Sojasuns products are more direct competitors to Herta since they are also sold in supermarkets. The nutrition value of the steak is very similar to Hertas regarding the protein, fat or fibre amount. However, they have an important range of products and even have 7 different soy steaks. The strong points of the product are the absence of GMO and the origin of the soy. The price is even less expensive than Hertas with only 2,63 â‚ ¬ per 150g. Despite all its strength, the product may suffer from its brand not being as famous as Herta. Veggie by Carrefour: Figure 5 Picture of Carrefours product Table 5 Nutrition value of the soy steak by Veggie (Carrefour): Characteristics Benefits Disadvantages Medium price: 2.20 â‚ ¬ for 200g Large range of product: 16 Rehydrated soy Positioning: Carrefour Supermarkets A little more fat and mostly unsaturated: 8,8g against 6g in Hertas product The real product cant be seen at all 6,6g of Fibers The product can only be bought at Carrefour A little less protein than Hertas (14g). Does not communicate on the origin of the raw products (Source: Veggie, 2016) Veggie was created by Carrefour in 2015 to become a competitor to Sojasun. They chose to have a very low price in comparison to other similar products. As a consequence, the quality seems to be a little lower. However, the range of products is very large and Carrefour is of great renown in THE food business and distribution. Therefore, Veggie may become an important competitor to Herta despite being only sold in Carrefours supermarkets. 2.7 Perceived quality of the product: A focus group of 6 people have been conducted on the subject of Hertas new range, and more particularly the soy and wheat steak. The participants were all between 20 and 24 years old and were postgraduate students. This panel was selected because it was composed of 3 men and 3 women, and because more educated people tend to be the major consumers of this type of product according the studies. Among the panel, only 2 people had tried vegetal meat. They are not common users but said that they rather enjoyed the product. All of them said that they would buy the Hertas product. Half of them said spontaneously that they liked the packaging. They also agreed on the fact that green was a simple but good choice of colour since it seems more natural. However, none of them knew that Herta had made a new vegetal brand, and it was a bit hard for them to associate Herta with vegetal product. Still, what concerned them the most about the product was the vegan tag. They found it very restrictive in a way that in may repel them. When the benefits of the products were asked, half of them talked about gas emission. Also, the group was very divided concerning the question of animal and vegetal proteins. Some of them fought proteins from animal were better while other said the exact opposite, and some did not intervene. Regarding the drawbacks of the product, they highlighted that the soy production was done in Brazil and that is was not as good as pretended for the environment. Moreover, they associated the soy from Brazil with GMO soy. They also argue about the transformation process and the factory work carried out to get the product and said it was not good for the environment neither, and that the people working in this factories were probably not paid enough. Before the nutrition value topic could have been addressed, they asked for the tag to get a clear idea of what was inside the product. To do a comparison, they also asked for the tag of a real steak. They concluded that there were more proteins in mea t and less fat in vegan steak. Moreover, they pointed out the higher concentration in salt and carbohydrates in the Herta product. Concerning the price, the opinions were very mixed. Some would pay between 3 and 3.5 euros while others would only pay around 2 euros. Those who were ready to invest less money told that they would start by comparing the price with other competitors. To conclude on the session, one of the major issue with the product was the vegan writing which was considered as too extreme by the panel. It seems that people may not be ready to go from meat diet to vegan diet even if this not on regular basis. The psychological impact of the word on people could repel them from the product. Also, the image of the brand is really associated with meat in the mind of the consumers, it will be something to work on for Herta. Moreover, whereas everyone knew Herta very well, none of them knew the vegetal range of product. Hence, it seems that the communication around Le bon và ©gà ©tal could be improved. Nevertheless, the product looked appealing for everyone, even if they had restraints about the conception of the product. 2.8 Conclusion of part 1: Herta is clearly trying to anticipate the future trends. The brand understood that an important part of the future of fresh deli food relies on meat substitutes, and chose to be part of this new market rather than opposing itself to the new ways of consuming. Being one on of the first on the market could also help Herta which is now an old French brand and need to show innovation to keep a dynamic image in the eye of the consumer. The major issue for them is to succeed to support the maximum of consumers to this changing without losing them on the path. However, other brands such as Veggie may be fierce competitors for the future, not to mention the other brands already positioned in the market. 3.1 A lack in terms of nutrition value The first thing that could be a problem for the future of the product is the quantity. indeed, the pack contains 2 steaks weighing only 75g each which means a total amount of soy and wheat of 150g. for hertas product, for 100g, there are exactly 150 kcal, corresponding to only 112,5 kcal for 75g. a beef steak in france has an average of 20g of proteins and between 5 to 15g of fat according to the steak (per 100g). often a steak weighs 125g meaning that is has even more proteins and fat in it. for a steak of only 100g and 10g of fat, there are 170 kcal. The difference in calories is very important and could cause a difference in the perception of satiety especially given that animal proteins give a more important feeling of satiety (Douglas Paddon-Jones., 2008). If the consumer after consuming the product is still hungry, it will affect its experience and he will be less likely to buy it again. moreover, all competitors use a quantity which varies between 180 and 200g while some of them focus more on the product of high quality aspect (grill vegetal, la vie claire) and are seen as less accessible products. If a comparison was to be made, it would probably weaken the position of herta who wants to be closer to the average person. The price is indeed higher than other competitors price if the calculation is proportional to the quantity. the results are even more disconcerting when comparing carrefour (1.10 â‚ ¬ per 100g) and herta (1.83 â‚ ¬ per 100g). keeping the price in the average of the competitors is very important for the brand. if people have the choice between sojasuns product and hertas product and consider them to be at the same price if considering the quantity, in would surely harm herta. the significant price difference of veggie by carrefour and herta is too important. the product from le bon và ©gà ©tal could be negatively affected by this competition. indeed, the main reason why people tend to consume less meat is the cost. 46% percent of the people who eat less meat are motivated by the price (according to a study lead by Mediaprism). 3.2 Consider adding information to the packaging Concerning GMO, if the brand actually uses non GMO soy, it will probably be better to write it on the packaging, even if it is not highlighted. Indeed, as the focus group showed, people are concerned about the origin of the product and particularly soy. This is an important question considering there are not much French soy production. Moreover, the product has a rather high proportion of proteins compared to competitors and also a low level of fat. The brand should therefore consider writing a slogan such as the benefits of meat without its disadvantages. Then, on the other side of the packaging, the brand should explain how the product is better for health thanks to its nutritional value, but also how it is good for the environment. However, while doing that, the brand should always consider its positioning and should not be too harsh with the meat industry since it is Hertas main revenue sources. However, if the brand judges it too dangerous, another possibility would be to just compare the nutritional value to the products of the competitors and praise Hertas product. 3.3 A survey for more accuracy To get a more accurate idea, a survey was made. This survey was addressed to people who are living in France. These people are mostly between 18-25 years old and are of a rather high education level. The first part of the survey is about questioning the connotation of the terms Vegetarian and Vegan to understand what people associate with these words and if they sound rather positive or negative. Hence, to the question What does the word vegetarian actually bespeak?, people tend to give a definition of the word for the vast majority of them. To the question What is the connotation associated to the word vegetarian for you?, more than 55% have a rather good to good opinion of the idea. Half of the rest is neutral while the other half has a negative idea of the word. However, to the question What does the word vegan actually bespeak? the majority tends to give a definition, while a significant number of people (around 25%) associate it with the notion of extremism, and that by themselves, only responding to an open question. What is even more astonishing, is the connotation of the term vegan, especially in comparison of the results of the same question with Vegetarianism. Therefore, around 65% of people have a rather negative to negative opinion of the word, while almost all the others have a neutral opinion of it. The significant difference between the two terms in peoples min d is confirmed by the question would you buy vegetarian/vegan products?. 65% of people would buy vegetarian product while only 50% would buy a vegan product. The second part of the survey focused on the product and the perception people have of it. To the question, would you buy this product?, showing only the picture of Hertas product, only 28% of people would buy it. This percentage is very weak and lower than what could have been expected. The following question asked to justify the choice helps to get a better idea of what people really think. The people who would not consume the product justify their choice with multiple reasons. One of them is the brand itself. Surprisingly, while it has a very good image among French people, some of the people interrogated said that they dont trust Herta to make a Vegetal product. Moreover, several people are reluctant to consuming soy. Other people dont have any interest for the product and a significant number actually doesnt like the shape of the product. They say that if they want a steak, they would buy a steak with meat, and not a substitute. Finally, this part deals with the price people would be ready to pay for the product. The results are rather homogeneous since every person who responded to this question would invest between 2 to 3 euros for the product. This result is very close to the actual price of the product. To get more precision, the last question was exactly the same but showing two other products from direct competitors: SojaSun and Veggie by Carrefour while also communicating their prices (respectively 3.50 euros and 2.20 euros). This question was askeed to put the people in a more real context where they can have access to other products. Hence when considering only people who would be ready to buy the product, the large majority of them would pay 2.50 euros for it while very few of them would be ready to invest more or invest less money in the product. 3.4 Analysis of the results The results that emerge from this survey confirm that the actual price is close to what people would be ready to pay for and that maybe the product could benefit from a slight decrease of its price. Indeed, Herta is a brand for everyone, it cannot be as expensive as another brand of higher range products such as SojaSun or some other specialized competitors. Nevertheless, the price of Carrefour Veggie seems very low and most of the people were ready to invest a little more money in Hertas product than in Veggie after having seen the price of the product by Carrefour. Also, the Vegan tag question raised after the analysis of focus group was more thorough explored with the survey. It is clear that the concerns shared by the focus group were also shared by the surveyed people. The connotation of the term vegan and the associations made around it give it a less appealing look than vegetarian. I would therefore advise to change vegan for vegetarian. In addition, some people seem a bit reluctant when it comes to soy. Keeping a good range of products where not all vegetal products come from soy seems a good idea. Despite the consistency of the results, the panel was only of 20 people. This means that the results are not completely reliable and should be treated with the utmost care. Carrying out another study by the group Herta on a more important population should en

Racial inequality in the period 1945-55 Essay

How accurate is it to say there was significant progress towards racial inequality in the period 1945-55? Racial inequality in the USA was an extensive and significant issue before, and controversially after this time period. What is crucial to say is that progress still needed to be made – this is despite the colossal step forward predominately in the legal frame work of federal government, but economic and social steps too, for example – voting rights in the southern states. Arguably though these so called steps forward both helped and hindered the fight for black equality. An example of this hinderance would be the rise in white opposition due to African American protests. One major problem in American society before 1945 was the lack of expression the black population had on American politics, and crucially if they could vote the amount of affect they could make.One effective section of American society that was positively changed by primarily Truman’s government was political appointments, and political change. Perhaps interestingly you could say, limitedly that political viewpoints and acceptance had been altered. On one section we look at political appointments. Under Truman’s government we see an attitude change to black people in politics. Before 1943 we have no African Americans in senior political and federal positions. However the change begins in this year when William Dawson and Adam Powell were elected to congress – successively in 1949 we see William Haist become a Federal Judge. This arguably indicates a crucial change in viewpoints, or at least a step forward to this. Activism due to the war also heightened in1945. This point is crucial as its direct consequences allowed direct action to influence political agenda. For instance the Morgan V. Virginia case in 1946, arguably wouldn’t have appeared before the war. Irene Morgan with the help of the NAACP targeted supreme court, consequently ruling the segregation in interstate busses was illegal. So here we have a pathway. Increased black activism, increased direct action and political judge appointments – alongside government change of tactic leads to the conclusion that significant progress with various court cases have vastly improved the racial equality, in 1945-55. In hindsight we see a consequence of CNO’s direct action campaign in Arkansas. In 1945 1.5% of black people could vote, however as a result of increased activism in 1947 17.3 voted. This was crucial as it shows the phenomenal change the war brought on activism and equality and more interestingly how the apparent change in political viewpoint changed how Black people were able to express themselves politically, arguably this suggests its highly accurate to say this time period was significant. Another example of how significant progress was made was how various economic impediments were overcome. Before 1945 Huge restrictions, even in the North were upon Black workers – however under Truman’s Government and the ‘Secure these rights’ agenda things were about the change. ‘Secure these rights’ was a committee set up by Truman to highlight inequality and changes to be made in America. There are several main examples that were helped by this scheme, arguably the most significant were the various proposals and departments set up in 1949 which were consequently proposed to congress. One main section would be the ‘Fair Deal’ program. This initiative aimed to tackle fundamental economic inequalities. Evidence suggests that segregation was accentuated by literal segregation of communities. Black people had a lower standard of living. Under Truman in 1949 we see a government initiative providing a higher minimum wage and a public housing scheme. Moreover, looking at a different section of economic impediments we see a huge unemployment difference between black and white people, a startling statistic is that 62% of low paid labour jobs were done by black people, only 28% white. This huge juxtaposition in jobs was yet again tackled by Truman and ‘Secure these rights’ In his 1949 speech (to an integrated crowd) he pledged to not fund organisations that discriminate on the grounds of race. This was extended from before 1945 as the CGCC scheme. This arguably was achieved through Truman’s fight in the cold war, but perhaps more significantly through the efforts of Black direct action. Evidence suggests that although segregation was still an issue, looking back years before this era – significant change had been made to fundamentally the perception of people and the legal framework. I think looking at economic initiatives we see a path being built that wasn’t thought of before 1945. In this I believe this era is fundamental for the successes of people like Martin Luther King and the NAACP in the decades to come. Social changes, mostly as a result of the factors above Eg. Secure these rights, also took place in this period. The fight for equality was most apparent in the South before 1945. We see all aspects of society from education to restaurants was segregated, but this was, at least attempted to be tackled in this era. Steps were being made, with the help of activism, courts and initiatives. With education we see Black children were being segregated in inferior schools and to many extents being treated as second class citizens. Fundamentally though this had wider consequents as this lack of quality education would put Black people for generations to come at a disadvantage – helping segregation in the economy. Here we have a historical pathway. As a result of the war – activism was increased and groups such as CORE and the NAACP emerged. This allowed lobbying of supreme court, and laws to be passed in their favour, eg. Sweatt V. painter case (1950). In the Brown v. Topeka case we see that Direct action unswervingly caused the supreme court to rule in 1954 that segregation of schools was illegal. More over reported incidences of lynchings were proportionally lower in the later stages of this period, despite a boom after the increased activism. However on the whole the change is significant as it altered attitudes of the plessy v. Ferguson case in 1896, that black people can be ‘separate but equal’ This new ruling completely goes against this and I believe this is the true change of this period, and in many respects a beginning to the end.The evidence suggests here that without a doubt this time, due to many different factors was crucially significant to the framework of equality that was needed to change older and newer generations viewpoints on African Americans. Arguably in this light, this period seems detrimentally effective. In stark contrast we look on the other side of the spectrum. We see numerous de jure laws being placed, and we see that framework being laid – but how significant is that progress? How effective were those laws? We are now underpinning how little de facto change actually took place, especially in the political realm. For example there was a change in law in particularly the southern states enabling Black people to vote. However Grandfather clauses’ (you had to be able to prove the previous two generations had voted) and unanswerable literacy test or clause (the ability to read) stopped Black people from voting. In 1947,17.3% of black people could vote in new orleans – but many were stopped because of sheer intimidation. More over in the North – where arguably politically barriers were not present, poverty of black voters often stopped them from voting. So although laws had been placed preventing it – the idea of white supremacy constantly found routes around this. So looking at the significance of the change, the evidence suggests they are relatively minor in the de facto change. Furthermore we look at Truman’s significance, on one hand we see he was the first president (After Lincoln) to express Black equality so highly in his manifesto. However more significantly many of the proposals by ‘Secure these rights’ never got passed. This is because of the overwhelming about of racists in congress – arguably more could have been done in this period, but political factors stopped this from happening. The examples made earlier was the creation of the ‘CGCC’ (Committee on Government contract compliance). At the time of creation, this seemed to have worked. However in hindsight we see that it was poorly conceived and could not force defence companies to implement fair employment. Here is a clear example of how on one side of the spectrum the CGCC seems to have made significant progress – however when you dive deeper we see that little change took place – suggesting that this time period was not as significant as first thought. Perhaps if more defined laws had been implemented and congress backed Truman this time period could have been more effective. Political factors were not the only topic to doubt this eras significance. Stemming from this economically and socially, despite great change Black people still faced great hardship. In the South, they faced lower wages and higher unemployment. In 1950 one-third of black Americans lived in the North due to migration. This just fuelled the lower standards of living in ghettos, concentrated in industrial cities. On one hand this could be a positive factor, in that unemployment was down. Significantly though – looking at segregation, black industrial workers were unlikely to get payed the same as their white counterparts. Furthermore although unemployment had fallen they were still more likely to be unemployed than white Americans. For example in New York City 6% of the white population was unemployed, adversely the figure was 10% for black men. On one hand, arguably opportunities had been changed and improved for black workers, but significant progress still needed to be made. For instance socially, schools were still segregated on the large part in southern states, similarly in other aspects of life such as state bus services and social areas. Crucially black people were still treated like second class citizens, in this period, in many aspects of life. This point had not changed from before 1945. Segregation, although in many cases illegal put black citizens at a disadvantage constantly – so they could never be in the same position as white people, suggesting significant progress still needed a lot of progress. Above all, looking in hindsight at this point it seems the position of black people had fundamentally not changed, therefore one could conclude that it is not accurate to say significant progress had been made. In conclusion it is clear a combination of factors help both sides of this argument. On one hand we see that although de jure change has been made, little had been done to follow up these policy proposals, and on the whole peoples social, economic and political position changed very little. This is despite the steps forward in public engagement (direct action) and political momentum (Truman’s government). CORE’s ‘Journey of Reconciliation’ in 1947 is a prime example of this. On one hand we see black and white citizens standing up for what is right, non segregated interstate busses. However the consequence of this direct action was arrested campaigners and little media attention. Perhaps the years 1955, and later were more significant in making de facto change, in that problems were finally beginning to be solved at grass root level. However in stark contrast we look at the other side of the spectrum, relatively significant progress had been made. For example if you look at the years before 1945, we see little or no change to the legal framework, other than the 14th and 15th amendments that considerably contributed to equality of African Americans, however in this period we see masses of physical change in all aspects of society. More over we see increased activism due to the war laid down the fundamental roots of direct action. For example one major fault of the Journey of reconciliation was the little time it was over, 2 weeks. However these newly founded groups (UDL, NAACP, CORE) in this period grounded themselves, and learnt – for example the Montgomery bus boycott was a success, with the help of a better organised NAACP. On the whole I believe that it is hard to ignore the progress made in this period. From 1945, with primarily the help from supreme court many aspects of several generations lives were improved – and this improvement is more that can be said for any other period of time. It is this comparison alongside compelling grass root policies of Truman’s government that leads to the argument that it is accurate to say there was significant progress made 1945-55.

Importance of International Finance

International Financial Management is unique primarily because the firm must deal in more than its own currency. [2] A multinational is a corporation that has operations in more than one country. [3] It is also called an International Corporation. It ordinarily consists of 1 parent company and about 6 foreign subsidiaries, typically with a high degree of strategic intervention between them. E. G. The Coca Cola Company is a multinational company, selling in more than 200 countries and having net sales of $7169 million in the 1st quarter of 2009. 4] Financial advantages of foreign operations An overseas market provides a larger market and thus, a potential increase in the sales of the firm's products. For some corporations, it might mean a fall in production costs if their opening a subsidiary in a country that offers cheap labor, raw materials or machinery. Also, instead of only exporting goods to other nations, once an NC starts operations in another country, the risk of detrimental laws restricting the sales of their products as well as an increase in the tax on their products, decreases considerably.Exchange rates and their effects An exchange rate is the expression of the value of one currency in terms of another amounts currency. [5] There are two ways of expressing this value: 1. Direct quotation: Domestic Currency / Foreign Currency 2. Indirect quotation: Foreign Currency/ Domestic currency The two methods are different ways of expressing the same thing. Throughout the project, ERE is quoted in direct quotation. Banks in most countries use a system of Foreign Exchange Market and its Fluctuations The volume of international transactions has grown considerably in the past 50-70 years.Trade and investment of this magnitude would be impossible without the ability to buy and sell currencies. The latter must be done for one currency is not the acceptable means of payment in all countries engaged in trade. The foreign exchange market is one of the largest in the world which facilitates the buying and selling of currencies, whose price is determined by the ERE. The market is over-the- counter, I. E. Trade is carried out using computer terminals, telephones, telecoms devices and SWIFT; an international banking communications network that electronically links brokers and traders.It is not confined to any one country but is dispersed throughout the leading financial centers of the world. Participants The major participants are large commercial banks that trade with one another, channeling most currency transactions through the worldwide interbrain market. Their transactions are conducted through foreign exchange brokers, who specialize in matching net supplier and demander banks. The brokers charge a brokerage fee and in return, offer anonymity to both parties and minimize the contact of banks with other traders.Small banks and local offices of major banks have lines of credit with large banks or with the home office. Customers deal with the b ank, which then makes use of the line of credit. Other players are brokers, international money centre banks, central banks of many countries, portfolio managers, foreign exchange brokers, hedgers, traders and speculators. Another actor in the market is the arbitrageur, who seeks to earn risk-free profit by taking advantage of difference in interest rates between countries and make use of forward contracts to eliminate ERE risk.If the value of home currency A decreases relative to the value of currency B, A is a weakening or depreciating currency and B is a strengthening or appreciating currency. ERE quoted indirectly will fall. For the importers of country A, ore of their home currency is required to purchase goods of country B. The vice versa is true for country B. Therefore, the attractiveness of a country's goods and services abroad is Judged by the relative values of the currencies of the importing and exporting countries. Types of Transactions 1 .